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July Fourth is the National Day of the United States. Independence
Day, commonly known as the July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States,
declaring independence from Great Britain on July 4, 1776. Independence Day is
commonly associated with fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family
reunions, fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, and political speeches and
ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating
the history, government, and traditions of the United States.
The legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great
Britain happened on July 2, 1776, when the Second Continental Congress voted to
approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June (by Richard
Henry Lee of Virginia) declaring the United States independent from Great
Britain during the American Revolution. After voting for independence, Congress
turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining
this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas
Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of
the Declaration, finally approving it on July 4.
From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4,
the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than
on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed
session of Congress.
Historians have long disputed whether Congress actually signed
the Declaration of Independence on July 4 or not, even, after that, though
Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin all wrote that they had
signed it on that day. Most historians have concluded that the Declaration was
signed on August 2, 1776 nearly a month after its adoption, and not on July 4
as is commonly believed.
Coincidentally, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the
only signers of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as Presidents of
the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was also the 50th
anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. Although not a signer of the
Declaration of Independence, but, another Founding Father, who became the President
of United States, James Monroe, died on July 4, 1831. Thus, becoming the third
President of United States, in a row, died on the July Fourth. Calvin Coolidge,
the 30th President of United States, was born on July 4, 1872, and, so far, is
the only U.S. President to have been born on Independence Day.
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